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Welcome to CLEO!

Welcome to the CLEO Diversity in Legal Education Blog! On this site we will talk about the reality of a prelaw education, the programs that CLEO sponsors, and the challenges and triumphs you encounter as you diversify the legal field. CLEO staff and colleagues will share practical insights and discuss how to become a competitive law school applicant.

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The CLEO Diversity in Legal Education Blog is an open space for us to talk about our experiences, to plan our next steps, and to support one another. The road to law school is rigorous, but as students, advisors, and professionals we can reach our goal.

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January 27, 2010
  What's in Your Wallet? Staying Out of Trouble: Part 3
You worked hard to get to law school - Don't fail out because you lost control of your finances! Law students stray from financial security, but Dean Aguilar is going to share how to keep your "money on your mind ..."

"I think the way students most commonly stray from the path of financial security during law school is by not considering or acknowledging the full financial implications of committing to law school until very late in the admissions process." - Dean Reyes Aguilar.

    The Problem: Students end up putting themselves into a reactive financial model when they should be working from a proactive model. It is understandable that students are focusing on admissions and creating opportunities to be admitted into law school.
    The Fix: Expand that focus to include financial considerations during the entire admissions process-not just at the commitment stage. Click the Download link on Dean Aguilar's Pre-Law Financial Aid Timeline website. Are you on track?
By considering long term implications and doing cost benefit analysis during the admission process, students will be in the practice of having finances be a part of their overall decision making plan.
    The Problem: Students need to know how debt adverse they are before committing to a program.
    The Fix: Students should establish what amount of debt begins to make them concerned (uncomfortable). This planning, in turn, will make it more likely that they will be able to stay on the path to creating and maintaining financial security during and after law school.

Now having said this, there are a few specific things Dean Aguilar has seen law students commonly do in regard to their finances that should be addressed.

    The Problem: Carrying too much debt into law school and thinking financial aid will help support that debt.
    Ones undergraduate educational loan payments can be deferred while in law school. However, depending on the type of loans they are, interest may be accruing. That will make the debt grow if the borrowers are not making quarterly interest payments.

    For most other types of debt (credit cards, car loans, mortgages, etc.) payments will continue to be due on a monthly basis.
    The Fix: Students need to be aware that the financial aid packages they will be awarded are established to only support the students' educational need for the 9 month school year. (If students attend summer school, an additional package for that time period can be created for them.)
    Students need to prepare themselves by paying down their debt-especially consumer debt- before entering law school. That may require delaying enrollment.
    The Problem: Students borrowing all they can, not just what they need to meet educational expenses.
    Borrowing educational loans is not difficult-especially when one gets to the point of signing the promissory note. Students will often just fill in the maximum award amount they are eligible for without really thinking about what costs need to be met.
    The Fix: It takes time to compute ones individual semester or First Year Law Student Budget and compare it to a financial aid award package. But only by going through that exercise can students determine what they really need versus what they can borrow.

Finally, students can't keep track of how much they are borrowing and from what programs unless they keep records.

    The Problem: Record Keeping and missing deadlines-this one is simple.
    In regard to deadlines, the best financial assistance (for example: scholarships and Perkins loans) is limited. Once awards have been made the funds are committed and some funds are awarded on a first-come-first served basis. If students miss the deadline, they miss out on the funding.
    The Fix: Visit with your college Financial Aid Advisors to create a guide/worksheet of your financial aid options. Make a plan to submit applications early and to seek fee waivers for admissions applications, LSAT testing, and apply for Federal Financial Aid.

Special Note: Don't be caught unaware of the financial commitment you are making. A legal education is an all encompassing endeavor. You will be challenged intellectually, emotionally, and financially. Do your research now and you will trim your stress as a 1-L!

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    Posted By: Lynda Cevallos @ 01/27/2010 11:51 AM     Prelaw Advising     Comments (0)  

January 19, 2010
  What's in Your Wallet? Show Me The Money: Part 2
Financial resources are available for law school. These resources include: scholarships, work-study, VA Benefits, wages, employment benefits, and loans. There are virtues and drawbacks to all the resources I listed. I will address the most common type of financial aid for law students: the loan programs. -- Dean Aguilar.

There are private educational loan programs and loan programs guaranteed by the federal government. The virtue of these loan programs is that they make funding available to assist students in paying for their educations. The drawback is this borrowed money must be repaid with interest.


  1. Over 80% of recent law school graduates used loans as a resource to finance their educations.Over 80% of recent law school graduates used loans as a resource to finance their educations.

  2. The national average debt for 2008 graduates of public law schools was approximately $71,000 and the average for graduates of private law schools, was just over $91,500.

  3. These figures reflect debt from law school only. They do not include undergraduate or consumer debt.


What distinguishes these programs are the details of interest rates, what happens to accruing interest while the students are enrolled, what are the repayment options, and if loan cancellation or forgiveness apply to the individual programs.

Private education loans, also known as alternative education loans are offered by private lenders-most often banks.


  1. Private student loans are not subsidized by the federal government and are therefore not as tightly regulated as the federal loans.

  2. Eligibility for private student loans often depends on your credit score and therefore they are difficult to qualify for in the current economy.

  3. Private student loans typically have variable interest rates, with changes in the interest rate tied to an index, such as LIBOR or PRIME.


A virtue - due to the low primary credit rate set by the Federal Reserve Board, the private student loan programs have relatively low interests rates. However, if we enter an inflationary period the current interest rate will climb.

A drawback - borrowers are unable to take advantage of income based repayment options, loan forgiveness opportunities, and loan cancellation due to death or disability offered through the federally guaranteed loan programs. Also, borrower may defer payment on the loans while enrolled, but interest does accrue during that time period meaning they owe a larger amount on the loan than what was originally borrowed.


Federal student loans are essentially made under three programs: the Federal Family Education Loan Program or FFEL Program; the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program; and the Perkins Loan Program. The loans under these programs are Stafford, Graduate PLUS, and Perkins Loans. All of these loans have fixed interest rates which will not change.

  1. The Perkins interest rate is 5.0%, the Stafford is 6.8% and the Graduate PLUS is 7.9% if you borrow from the Ford Direct Loan Program (it is 8.5% if you borrow from any other lender).

  2. A student borrower must complete and submit to the Department of Education the "Free Application for Federal Student Aid" or FAFSA.


A virtue - A portion of the Stafford Loans (up to $8,500 annually) and all of Perkins Loans are subsidized.

A drawback - The Graduate PLUS and the remainder of what a student borrows from the Stafford Loan program is unsubsidized. However, a student borrower can make quarterly payments on that interest significantly reducing the cost of the loan over a ten year repayment period. Of course, these payments should not be made with loan money.

A virtue - The Stafford and Perkins Loans are very easy to qualify for. A student borrower simply cannot be in default on another federally guaranteed student loan. Other than that, students' credit will not affect their eligibility for the Stafford or Perkins Loans.

A drawback (potentially) - The Graduate PLUS Loan program is a credit-based loan. The credit check is not as strict as the private loan programs and if a person has a negative credit record it is easier to rehabilitate in order to qualify for the Graduate PLUS loan program as compared to the private loan programs.

Finally, virtues of the federally guaranteed loan programs include the repayment options and loan cancellation or forgiveness that are available to borrowers.

  1. The Perkins Loan is a simple ten year note, but if the borrower goes into "law enforcement" work the loan can be cancelled in full after five years of employment in this field. Law enforcement includes working as a prosecutor, but not a public defender.


Stafford and Graduate PLUS Loans have multiple repayment options. The standard ten year repayment option means you will have the same monthly payment for the ten years it will take to pay-off your debt.

  1. Graduated payment option will be paying off the debt in ten years, but payments in the earlier years will be smaller and will then progressively increase through the ten year term.

  2. Extended repayment means the term of the loan is extended up to 30 years. How much a borrower may extend repayment is dependent on the amount of debt. The monthly payment will be the same over the entire term of repayment.

  3. Income-sensitive repayment plans adjust monthly payments relative to income. Annually, the lender establishes the loan payment using a formula that considers the borrower's income. Income-sensitive repayment options are especially good for high debt /lower income borrowers working long term in the public or non-profit sector.

    Borrowers may qualify for the the loan forgiveness after working ten years full-time in qualifying employment.


Next week Dean Aguilar discusses: How law students get in financial trouble and how to avoid it!


Edited: 01/20/2010 at 04:04 PM by matthewniziol

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    Posted By: Matthew Niziol @ 01/19/2010 11:56 AM     Prelaw Advising     Comments (0)  

January 17, 2010
  Admission Applications
Hello,
Happy New year!

Has anyone applied to Rutger's Newark, NJ adn heard anything? I just sent my application in this weekend.

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    Posted By: Kathy G. Monteiro @ 01/17/2010 07:07 PM     Blog Here     Comments (0)  

January 12, 2010
  What's in Your Wallet? Paying for Law School: Part 1
You can dream about law school all day, but writing that first tuition check can be a nightmare. CLEO asked Dean Reyes Aguilar University of Utah, SJ Quinney College of Law to "Talk Numbers" and help you face the facts about financing law school.

This is a four part series in which Dean Aguilar explores What You Need To Know about paying for law school. Let's start with the basics:

Question: What steps can an undergraduate student take to prepare for financing law school?
Answer: Dean Aguilar advises ...

The first thing I want to address is stating the obvious, but warrants mention. From the perspective of financing law school, one of the best things one can do is perform well in courses and develop strong academic skills.

The "free" money that is available to law students is in the form of scholarships or fellowships Federal grant programs (Pell grants in particular) are not available for law school. For law school scholarship or fellowship awards, the selection criteria often place significant weight on the academic record of the student.

So especially if you are early in your undergraduate career, it makes sense not only academically, but financially to focus on your studies and seek to excel.


The second action students can take is to address debt. Be wary of debt. While it may be necessary to take on some debt to support an undergraduate education, acquire that debt in a prudent manner and at a reasonable level.

Education related debt can be sensible, but too often there is over reliance on loans-especially credit cards or other consumer debt. Too much debt will affect students' future opportunities.

Be aware that law school graduates are subjected to credit checks and review of their financial history as part of the Character and Fitness evaluations they go through when applying for bar admission. Too much debt or a bad credit history may raise questions or concerns from the character and fitness committees.


The third action is to know and understand the types of loans to which you are obligating yourself. Know if you are taking out private or federally guaranteed loans.

While some of the federally guaranteed programs may currently have higher interest rates, those rates are fixed and there are options available at repayment that can allow for monthly payments that are sensitive to your income.

Most private educational loans have variable interest rates with no cap and limited repayment options. This could create issues if we enter an inflationary period with rising interest rates.


Also, know if your loans are accruing interest while you are in school. Educational loans that are accruing interest while you are a student are called "unsubsidized" loans.

Over the life of this type of loan, the in-school accrued interest can add substantially to the total cost of your debt. So if you are able to do so, make quarterly interest payments on these loans.

Use earnings from work or other non-loan financial resources to make quarterly interest payments. You should not be making interest payments with borrowed money.

As undergraduate students approach graduation and prepare to apply to law school they should begin setting a sound knowledge base for financing their legal education. Have a budget and plan to address the application process.

Law student debt is wide ranging and varies from school to school. This also holds true for salaries of recent law school graduates. Salaries, in addition to being wide ranging, can vary dramatically from geographic region to geographic region and practice sector to practice sector.

In short, as it relates to financing your legal education, do the cost/benefit analysis. Know what you are getting into financially before committing to attend law school.


Edited: 01/12/2010 at 02:52 PM by matthewniziol

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    Posted By: Matthew Niziol @ 01/12/2010 02:08 PM     Prelaw Advising     Comments (0)  

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